Korean equipment and chemicals
COLLOIDAL SILICA
SILIFOG®  &  ACESOL®

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 ACESOL

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COLLOIDAL SILICA
SILIFOG®
 
PREFACE
 
Numerous  outlines or surveys of chemistry of silica, especially the water-silica system, have appeared over the past half-century. Properties of silica have been described by Sosman and more recently by Bruchner. The state of knowledge of soluble silicic acid
and colloidal silica was summarized in 1937 by Fricke and Huttig.Ralph K.Iler exhaustively covered the rapidly developing theory and practice of the colloid chemistry of silica and silicates, including new surface chemistry and the role of silica in biology.
The colloidal silica is available for various applications such as fiber, sizing, diazo paper¡¯s manufactures, cellophane film, precision casting, ceramics, glass fiber, paints, catalysts, batteries, wax, optics, elastomer, food, health care, industrial chromatography and polishing.
 
We had have made study of a field of colloid, especially colloidal silica since a few years ago. At the result of development, We¡¯ve SILIFOG® & ACESOL® .
These are colloidal silica consisting of microfine particles of silicon dioxide(SiO2 ) dispersed in water. The particles in SILIFOG® & ACESOL®  are discrete uniform spheres which have no internal surface area or detectable crystalline. Available in grades which vary in particle size, SiO©ücontent, and stabilizing counter ion. SILIFOG® & ACESOL® is formulated with high quality, high purity raw materials.
 
A wide range of today's industrial applications has been developed utilizing of colloidal silica's features. SILIFOG® & ACESOL® are satisfied to their demands.
We¡¯re able to produced the most of colloidal silica¡¯s grades and could control the particles mean characters.
For example particle size, Wt%, viscosity and so on.
In order to manufacture the high quality and purity colloidal products, We¡¯ll do our best now and then. Thank you.
 
 
PRODUCTS LIST
- General grade
 

PRODUCT

SiO2(wt%)

Na2O(wt%)

pH

Particle size

(nm)

viscosity

(cps at 25¡É)

specific gravity

(at 20¡É)

Appearance

stability

SILIFOG®30AK

30-31

0.3-0.5

9.5 -10.5

10-20

< 5

1.20-1.22

clear to opalescent

semi-

permanent

SILIFOG® 40AK

40-41

0.3-0.5

9.0-10.5

10-20

< 25

1.28-1.35

clear to opalescent

semi-

permanent

       SILIFOG®50AK

47-49

0.4-0.7

8.5-9.5

20-30

< 50

1.37-1.39

clear to opalescent

semi-

permanent

       SILIFOG®30AC

30-31

< 0.04

2-4

10-20

< 3

1.20-1.22

clear to opalescent

6months

or more

       SILIFOG®40AC

40-41

< 0.04

2-4

10-20

< 20

1.28-1.35

clear to opalescent

6months

or more

       SILIFOG®50AC

47-49

< 0.05

2-4

20-30

< 40

1.37-1.39

clear to opalescent

6months

or more

        SILIFOG®20AKM

20-21

< 0.05-0.3

9.0-10.0

40-50

< 3

1.12-1.14

opalescent

semi-

permanent

        SILIFOG®40AKL

40-41

< 0.3-0.5

9.0-10.5

70-100

< 25

1.28-1.35

opalescent

semi-

permanent

        SILIFOG®50AKM

47-49

< 0.4-0.7

8.5-9.5

40-50

< 50

1.37-1.39

opalescent

semi-

permanent

        SILIFOG®20ACM

20-21

< 0.04

2-4

40-50

< 3

1.12-1.14

opalescent

6months

or more

        SILIFOG®40ACM

40-41

< 0.04

2-4

40-50

< 20

1.28-1.35

opalescent

6months

or more

        SILIFOG®50ACM

47-49

< 0.05

2-4

40-50

< 40

1.37-1.39

opalescent

6months

or more
 
- Special grade
 

PRODUCT

SiO2(wt%)

Na2O(wt%)

pH

Particle size

(nm)

viscosity

(cps at 25¡É)

specific gravity

(at 20¡É)

Appearance

stability

SILIFOG® 10AK

11-12

0.4

9.5-10

20-30

<5

1.09

clear to

opalescent

semi-

permanent

SILIFOG® 10AKM

10-10.2

0.4

9-9.5

50-60

<5

1.09

opalescent

semi-

permanent

SILIFOG® 10AKS

8-8.5

0.4

8.5-9.5

4-5

<10

1.09

clear

6months

or more

SILIFOG® 10AC

11-12

0.03

2-3

20-30

<5

1.09

clear to

opalescent

6months

or more

SILIFOG® 10ACM

10-10.2

0.03

2-3

50-60

<5

1.09

opalescent

6months

or more

SILIFOG® 10ACS

8-8.5

0.02

2-3

4-5

<10

1.09

clear

6months

or more

 
PRODUCTS DESCRIPTION
 
 
- SILIFOG® 30AK         Standard product. It contains 30% SiO2 and is used in most of the applications.
 
- SILIFOG® 40AK         A product concentrated up to 40% SiO2 and is used in most of the applications, too.
 
- SILIFOG ® 50AK        A product concentrated up to 50% SiO2 and is used in most of the applications and It have more higher
                                 viscosity. But it has a good stabilization.
 
- SILIFOG® 30AC        SILIFOG-AC is not including anions and cataions without stabilizing ion.
                                And it is used in applications, which required acidity, and specially could mixing with organic solvents and
                                surface active agents.
 
- SILIFOG® 40, 50AC   These have higher concentration than SILIFOG® 30AC.
 
- SILIFOG® 30AKM      It contains 30% SiO2 and particle size is lager than our standard product SILIFOG® 30AK.
 
- SILIFOG® 50AKM      A product concentrated up to 50% SiO2 It have more higher viscosity and concentrate than SILIFOG® 30AKM.
                                But it has a good stabilization.
 
- SILIFOG® 40AKL       It has the largest particles and contains 40% SiO2.
 
- SILIFOG® 30ACM      It¡¯s characteristics are almost same as SILIFOG® 30AC. But particle size is bigger than SILIFOG® 30AC.
 
- SILIFOG®40, 50ACM    These have higher concentration than SILIFOG® 30ACM.
 
- SILIFOG® 10AK         It contains 10% SiO2 .
 
- SILIFOG® 10AKM      The particle size is more bigger than SILIFOG® 10AK.
 
- SILIFOG® 10AKS       Thus the particle size is very small, It has a good for a binder.
 
- SILIFOG® 10AC          It contains 10% SiO2  and  is not including anions and cataions without stabilizing ion like SILIFOG® 30AC.
                                 It is used in applications which required acidity, and specially could mixing with organic solvents
                                 and surface active agents.
 
- SILIFOG® 10ACM      The particle size is bigger than SILIFOG® 10AC. So, It is good for moisture proof process.
 
- SILIFOG® 10ACS        Thus the particle size is very smaller than the SILIFOG® 10AC. It has a good for a binder, too.
 
 
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF COLLIDAL SILICA         
 
THE PARTICLE'S ORGANIGATIONS
 
SEM  IMAGE

SILIFOG®  is a colloidal silica consisting of micro-fine particles of silicon dioxide(SiO2) dispersed in water. The silica surface is charged by hydroxyl ions formed by loss of protons from water molecules in the spaces between the oxygen atoms of the SiO2 structure.

         Thus the negative charge would lie just within the surface. According to this electric charge of particles, it has formed GELATION,AGGREGATION and COLLOID. If the particles are smaller than about 7nm in Diameter the sol is almost as clear as water. From 10 to 30nm there is a characteristic opalescence or translucency when seen it, and above about 50nm the appearance is white and milky.

 
EFFECTS OF pH

The colloidal silica has very different stabilizing by it¡¯s own pH degree. In general the higher the concent- ration or the smaller the particle size, the greater the effect of change of pH. The silica sols are extraordinarily stable at pH 2 where the zeta potential is zero and become increasingly sensitive to electrolytes at higher pH. The particles in colloidal silica are stable above the pH 8
that is to be seen right fig. Most of SILIFOG® S are stands between 9 and 10.5, it means all of SILIFOG® S are stable in constructionally. The SILIFOG® AC is stable as pH 2 , it¡¯s the one and only as a acidity production.
This is produced in special process own our know how and it has a modified particles with another ions. So it could be mixed with another sol like Alumina sol and organic solvents and it is stable against change of pH and SILIFOG® AC is also comparatively stable at neutral pH range. At the result of our ability to control the characteristics of colloidal silica, SILIFOG® could apply for all of today¡¯s industrial applications.
 
HEALTH AND SAFETY
 
SILIFOG® is nontoxic. Contact with the skin can however cause dehydration, and contact with the eyes can be harmful, thus gloves and safety goggles should be used when handling. Should it come in contact both the skin and eyes, rinse thoroughly with water. If large amounts are inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen and call physician.
 
USES OF COLLOIDAL SILICAS
 
Because of the constantly changing developments and demands, new types of com-
mercial silica sols become  available and others disappear from the market. It is not
possible therefore, to predict which kinds will remain available in the future, but past
and current types are listed in our catalogue.
The following types of applications are listed according to the purpose the silicas.
 
1.       Making silica gels having surface area, pore size, and mechanical strength determined by the particle size of the colloidal     silica, for example, catalyst bases and adsorbents.
2.       Stiffening and binding fibrous and granular materials by incorporating sol and drying to a rigid gel structure, for example,     precision casting molds, molded refractory products, and high-temperature insulating materials.
3.       Increasing the friction of surfaces (¡°invisible sand¡±), for example, railway tracks, waxed floors, and textile fibers.
4.       Anti-sticking, anti-blocking, antistatic effect on organic films.
5.       Antisoiling treatments by providing an ultrasmooth, oleophobic surface on porous materials by filling micropores to exclude     dirt particles, for example, textiles, paper, and painted surfaces.
6.       Providing hydrophilic, oleophobic surface by virtue of the highly polar SiOH groups of the silica surface, for example,     lithographic plates.
7.       Increasing or reducing adhesion between surface, depending on the substrate and method of application, for example,     surface of organic films, glass, and metals.
8.       As a component of (a) thin refractory electrically insulating films on conducting surface, for example, laminations in     transformer cores, or (b) conducting films on insulating materials, for example, graphite coatings on paper.
9.       Cross-linking, stiffening, and reinforcing polymers through association of polymer chains with interspersed colloidal silica     particles, for example, leather, latex-foam products, elastomers.
10.      Polishing agent for silicon wafers.
11.      Modifying surfactant properties: flocculating, coagulating, dispersing, stabilizing, emulsifying, suspensions; antifoam     properties.
12.      Modifying viscosity: thickening, gelling
13.      Adsorbed coatings on surfaces; optical effects.
14.      Photography; component in multiplayer film systems.
15.      Use in biological research; culture media, centrifuging medium.
16.      Source of chemically reactive silica. Making Catalysts, Gels, Adsorbent
 
The obvious advantage of starting with colloidal silica instead of sodium silicate are the ease of incorporation with other catalyst components, the minimum washing required to remove unwanted salts, and the wider, more uniform pore structure obtained by forming the gel from relatively large, uniform particles.
The silica sol containing metal salts can be spray-dried or freeze-dried to give small spherical gel particles which can be further compacted as desired. Sol can be converted to a fine powder by dispersing the sol in a partly water-miscible organic solvent, gelling the silica, and distilling off the liquids.
 
Inorganic Binder, Stiffener
 
One of the earliest proposed uses for colloidal silica is in ceramic cements to improve strength. In this type of use colloidal silica acts as an adhesive binder or stiffener at ordinary temperature because it is converted to a solid gel.
In some cases the silica is used for its high chemical activity. Thus when glass powder is coated with colloidal silica it can be molded. When heated, silica dissolves in the glass so that a solid sintered body is obtained. The strengths of colloidal silica as a binder is apparently enhanced by transferring it to an alcohol and producing a mixture with ethyl silicate.
Improved bond strength in ceramic bodies is attained with mixtures of monoaluminum phosphate and colloidal silica when used with finely divided refractory powders of zircon, zirconia, or alumina.
 
Binder for fibers
 
An inorganic binder for inorganic fibers is made by dispersing clay in colloidal silica, then acidifying to pH3.5 and adding an aluminum salt such as aluminum formate.
The stiffness and strength of organic fiber sheets or papers can also be improved with colloidal silica. In paperboard used for corrugating, stiffness is improved by impregnating with colloidal silica. From 1 to 5% colloidal silica in certain paper pulps gives improvement in strength, stiffness, stability, etc.
 
Molds for Casting Metals
 
   Colloidal silica has long been used in the investment casting industry. An important use of colloidal silica is as a binder in refractory molds prepared for precision investment casting, which was one of the applications visualized in 1945 when colloidal silica first become available.
 
 
Frictionizing Effects
 
The high friction observed between surfaces of sandpaper can be duplicated on an invisible scale on various surfaces with colloidal silica. One of the early large-scale applications of colloidal silica was in floor wax to make it less slippery.
 
Fibers
 
Colloidal silica is coated with a cationic quaternary ammonium type of surfactant before application to textiles for good Frictionizing. Because of its Frictionizing effects, silica is also an aid in processing wool. Slippage of glass fibers is prevented and colors are simultaneously bonded to the surface by the application of colored metal oxides along with colloidal silica and heating to bond the coating. To prevent knots in nylon fishnets from slipping, colloidal silica is mixed with CH3[H2N(CH2)4]Si(O Et)2 and water and applied to the knots.
 
Paper & Film
 
The surface of polyethylene terephthalate drafting film is implove with respect to reception of pencil and ink by application of colloidal silica. In the same way polyolefin or polyolefin coated paper is made ink-receptive by applying colloidal silica along with an acid-soluble film-forming material.
 
Antisoiling Surface
 
A film of colloidal silica on the surface of fibers, as in carpets, greatly reduces the pickup of dirt and leaves a cleaner appearance after vacuuming. It has been postulated that the silica forms a smooth adherent film to which soil particles do not cling, especially because it fills crevices in the fiber surface that would otherwise be filled with dark particles of dirt. Similar effects are reported on painted surfaces, plastic fabrics, window shades, and wallpaper. To reduce soiling of a hydrophilic surface such as upholstery fabric by making it both hydrophobic and soil resistant, a polydimethylsiloxane oil is incorporated with colloidal silica using a metallic soap emulsifier, and applied to the cloth and cured.
 
Hydrophilizing Surfaces
 
A water-wettable surface is important in the lithographic printing art, where printing surfaces holding the oil-ink must be hydrophobic and ink-wettable, but the nonprinting water-wettable surface must be very resistant to encroachment by the oil-ink, and permanently hydrophilic.
Transfer of oil-printing is prevented by a spray of colloidal silica. The hydrophilic nature of ¡°planographic¡± paper printing plates is preserved or renewed by colloidal silica. A hydrophilic film of colloidal silica contains dispersed ink-receptive material, which is released to the surface by pressure or heat to form printing areas. A similar effect is involved in planographic offset masters.
 
Modifying Adhesion
 
Colloidal silica can be applied to surfaces either to increase the adhesion to other materials, in effect by roughening the surface if the silica is adherent, or to decrease adhesion by holding otherwise ¡°sticky¡± surface apart.
 
Increasing Adhesion
 
If silica particles are anchored to or embedded in a surface, the submicroscopic roughness and polarity of the surface are increased and adhesion of a second material is generally improved; on the other hand, if the silica is present as a loose, Friable coating, or is applied as a mixture with a silicone or fluorocarbon polymer, adhesion is reduced. Silica particles are embedded into the surface of polyethylene film to improve the adhesion of coatings of thermoplastic polymers. A fluorocarbon polymer surface is made cementable by coating it with the mixture of dispersed polytetrafluoroethylene and colloidal silica, and heating the surface to over 500¡É for a few minutes. A film of polyethylene is strongly adherent if heated against paper coated with colloidal silica.  A coating composition of polytetrafluoroethylene contains alkali metal silicate and colloidal silica to improve adhesion and electrical insulating properties on metal surfaces. The adhesion of colored coatings on glass fibers is improved by first treating the fiber with colloidal silica and heating to just below the fusion temperature.
 
Coating Compositions
 
Organic coating compositions with improved adhesion, hardness, durability, and electrical properties are obtained by adding colloidal silica to organic polymer dispersions. Inorganic coatings may employ silica as the main component or as a binder in the composition. In coatings mainly consisting of silica the problem is to prevent shrinkage and crazing. The film-forming properties of colloidal silica are improved by dispersing microfibrous materials in the sol to minimize crazing. Inorganic paint for asbestos board can be made with silica as a binder. Hard, weather-resistant paint is made with a combination of colloidal silica, lithium hydroxide and potassium silicate or alkali metal phosphate, clay, and figment, and backed on in the presence of steam.
Colloidal silica stabilized with tetraethanol ammonium silicate was used as a binder for iron oxide and clay pigments.
 
Reinforcing Organic Polymers
 
The strengthening or reinforcing effects of colloidal silica in organic polymers, films, and fibers are so varied that they are not categorized. Silica has been incorporated into polyolefins, thermoplastic organic polymers, polyamides, and other types.
Copolymerization of colloidal silica and a soluble silicate polyester gives a strong water-impermeable mass. Aqueous sols are used in the rubber industry mainly for stiffening open-cell foamed rubber. The silica deposited on the walls of the pores apparently has a Frictionizing effects, making the foam less easily compressed and thus increasing load bearing capacity. A pickup of only 3% SiO2 increases compression resistance by 90%.
 
Polishing Agent for Silicon Wafers
 
In the electronics industry wafers cut from single crystals of silicon are polished to extreme smoothness using colloidal silica as a polishing medium at high pH.
 
Miscellaneous Optical Effects, Color, Photography
 
Numerous patens have been issued on antireflection coatings in which silica in various forms is deposited as a thin, adherent layer, generally on the surface of glass or plastic sheets and lenses. Films of colloidal silica are deposited in various way. A film of colloidal silica on glass reduces glare when of the right thickness. A ¡°black mirror¡± transparent to infrared is made by depositing layers of nickel (10 ? 15 nm) and SiO2 (80 ? 90 nm); it is used to absorb solar energy. To produce interference colors in in paints, a mica pigment is coated with TiO2 and SiO2 of the correct thickness. A coating inside electric light bulbs to diffuse light without adsorption is formed with colloidal silica, which may also be used to bond a phosphor to the inner surface of a lamp bulb.
Photographic and diazo-type papers are coated with colloidal silica. In Polaroid photographic film colloidal silica plays an essential role in the receiving layer to which the image is transferred and in which the black silver positive image is developed.
 
Use In Biological Research ? Density Gradient
 
Colloidal silica has found use as a high-density medium for separating biological materials by centrifugation. The use of a mixture of colloidal silica with polyethylene glycol of molecular weight 3000-3700 in a tries buffer solution at pH 7.5 as a density as a density gradient solution in centrifuging and purifying a virus. In separating blood cells in a colloidal silica medium some structural changes were observed.
 
Source of Chemically Reactive Silica
 
Colloidal silica is much more chemically reactive than the most finely pulverized sand, not only because the specific surface area is several hundred times greater, but also because amorphous silica is 10 times as soluble in water as crystalline quartz.
 
 
Soluble Silicates
 
Silica rapidly depolymerizes in the presence of strong alkali. Thus colloidal silica can be converted to a solution of sodium polysilicate containing from 4.2 to 6.0 moles of silica per mole of sodium oxide or lithium polysilicate and lithium stabilized sols with 4 ? 25 moles of silica oxide per mole of lithium oxide. These compositions cannot be obtained by dissolving a sodium or lithium silicate is not soluble in hot water. For lower ratio silicates the advantage of starting with colloidal silica is only a matter of convenience because of the rapid reaction rate.
 
Glass Compositions
 
Admixing the other components intimately with colloidal silica can make homogeneous glasses. The chemical reactivity of colloidal silica plays a role in colored or conductive coatings on glass or refractory materials in which a vitrified bond is developed without damaging the substrate.
 
Forming Solid Silicates ? Cements
 
The oldest known reaction of amorphous silica is that in Roman cement where lime was mixed with sand and colloidally subdivided silica of volcanic origin mined at Pozzuoli, Italy, and Greek island of Santorini. This was the basis of the extremely impervious cement linings used in cisterns throughout the Mediterranean area and in construction throughout the Roman Empire without which some of the vast domes could never have been built. Sand and lime alone do not form such cement.
 
PARTICLES DISTRIBUTION
 
PACKING
 
SILIFOG® is packaged in 220kg or 250kg clean drum and 20kg jerrican.
It is delivered in worm-heating container car or railway tank waggons.
 
COLLOIDAL SILICA
ACESOL®
CMP OXIDE SURRY
 
THE COMPOSITIONS OF PRODUCTS
 
ACESOL® is a colloidal silica consisting of microfine particles of silicon dioxide(SiO©ü) dispersed in water. The size of particle in ACESOL® is generally classified as 20~30nm.The particles in ACESOL® are discrete uniform spheres which have no internal surface area or detectable crystalline. Available in grades which vary in particle size, SiO©ücontent, and stabilizing counter ion.
ACESOL® is formulated with high quality, high purity raw materials to provide the performance and consistency required for today¡¯s semiconductor production processes.
It is supported by manufacturing, quality, and applications engineering organizations focused on meeting and exceeding the needs of CMP process users. ACESOL® has been formulated specifically for oxide layer Planarization. It is easy to use polishing slurry of high purity.
 

Abrasive

Colloidal Silica

Mean particle size

30 ~ 40 nm

Solid

20% +/- 0.5%

pH

10.5 to 10.9

Density

1.13 g/ml

Viscosity

8cps

Shelf life

6 month

Stabilizing ion

Potassium
 
 
THE RESULT OF CMP TEST

 

Max.

1977.67

Min.

1403.67

Ave.

1718.06

WIWNU

16.70

Edge Exclusion : 3mm
 
THE CHRACTERISTICS OF COLLIDAL SILICA
 
THE PARTICLE¡¯S ORGANIGATIONS
 
 
SEM  IMAGE
ACESOL®  is a colloidal silica consisting of microfine particles of silicon dioxide(SiO2)
dispersed in water. The silica surface is charged by hydroxyl ions formed by loss of protons from water molecules in the spaces between the oxygen atoms of the SiO2 structure. Thus the negative charge would lie just within the surface.
According to this electric charge of particles, it has formed GELATION,AGGREGATION
and COLLOID. If the particles are smaller than about 7nm in Diameter the sol is almost as clear as water. From 10 to 30nm there is a characteristic opalescence or translucency when seen it, and above about 50nm the appearance is white and milky.
 
EFFECTS OF pH
 
The colloidal silica has very different stabilizing by it¡¯s own pH degree. In general the higher the concent-ration or the smaller the particle size, the greater the effect of change of pH. The silica sols are extraordinarily stable at pH 2 where the zeta potential is zero and become increasingly sensitive to electrolytes at higher pH.
The particles in colloidal silica are stable above the pH 8 that is to be seen right fig.
Most of ACESOL®  is stands between 10 and 10.5, it means all of ACESOL® is stable in constructionally. Health and Safety
 
ACESOL® is nontoxic. Contact with the skin can however cause dehydration, and contact with the eyes can be harmful, thus gloves and safety goggles should be used when handling. Should it come in contact both the skin and eyes, rinse thoroughly with water. If large amounts are inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen and call physician.
 
PARTICLES DISTRIBUTION
 
PACKING
ACESOL® is packaged in 220kg or 250kg clean drum and 20kg jerrican.
It is delivered in worm-heating container car or railway tank waggons.
 
 
 
 
FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT
 
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